Thirty-five years after its nationwide implementation, China finally announced the end of the one-child policy in late 2015. How did this change come about? What are the demographic, economic, and social imperatives that have led to this much-delayed policy reversal? What are the historical legacies of this unprecedented birth control policy in human history, and what are the implications of this policy and China’s new demographics for China’s economy in the years to come? This presentation will address these questions and discuss in particular the roles of China’s changed demographics in its economic growth and political governance in the coming decades. Feng Wang is a professor of sociology at UC Irvine and Fudan University, China, and a non-resident senior fellow of the Brookings Institution.